Dhaka University, often referred to as the “Oxford of the East,” is the oldest and most prestigious university in Bangladesh. Established in 1921 during the British colonial era, it has played a pivotal role in shaping the intellectual, cultural, and political landscape of the country. With a rich history, a diverse academic environment, and a legacy of producing some of the nation’s most prominent leaders, scholars, and professionals, Dhaka University stands as a symbol of excellence in higher education. This article explores the history, academic structure, cultural significance, and contributions of Dhaka University to Bangladesh and beyond.

Historical Background

Dhaka University was founded on July 1, 1921, under the Dacca University Act 1920. Its establishment was a response to the growing demand for higher education in the region, particularly after the partition of Bengal in 1905. The university was envisioned as a center of academic excellence that would cater to the educational needs of the people of East Bengal (now Bangladesh) and Assam.

The university began its journey with three faculties: Arts, Science, and Law, and 12 departments. Initially, it had 877 students and 60 teachers. The first vice-chancellor of Dhaka University was Sir P.J. Hartog, a renowned academic administrator. Over the years, the university expanded its academic programs and infrastructure, becoming a beacon of knowledge and enlightenment.

Dhaka University has also been at the forefront of major political and social movements in Bangladesh. It played a central role in the Language Movement of 1952, which ultimately led to the recognition of Bengali as one of the state languages of Pakistan. The university was also a key player in the Liberation War of 1971, with many students and faculty members actively participating in the struggle for independence.

Academic Structure and Programs

Dhaka University is a multidisciplinary institution offering a wide range of undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs. It is organized into 13 faculties and 83 departments, covering fields such as arts, science, business, social sciences, law, medicine, and engineering. Some of the prominent faculties include:

1. Faculty of Arts: Includes departments like Bengali, English, History, Philosophy, and Fine Arts.
2. Faculty of Science: Comprises departments such as Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Statistics.
3. Faculty of Social Sciences: Includes Economics, Political Science, Sociology, and International Relations.
4. Faculty of Business Studies: Offers programs in Accounting, Finance, Marketing, and Management.
5. Faculty of Law: Known for its rigorous legal education and research.
6. Faculty of Medicine: Operates through the affiliated Dhaka Medical College and other institutions.
7. Faculty of Engineering and Technology: Includes departments like Computer Science and Electrical Engineering.

In addition to its faculties, Dhaka University has numerous research centers, institutes, and libraries, including the Central Library, which is one of the largest and most well-stocked libraries in South Asia. The university also offers distance education programs through its Institute of Education and Research (IER).

Campus and Infrastructure

The main campus of Dhaka University is located in the heart of the capital city, Dhaka. Spread over 600 acres, the campus is known for its lush greenery, historic buildings, and vibrant atmosphere. Some of the iconic landmarks on campus include:

1. Curzon Hall: A magnificent example of British colonial architecture, Curzon Hall now houses the Faculty of Science.
2. Dhaka University Central Mosque: A beautiful mosque that serves as a spiritual center for students and faculty.
3. TSC (Teacher-Student Centre): A hub for cultural and social activities, including seminars, workshops, and festivals.
4. Shaheed Minar: A monument dedicated to the martyrs of the Language Movement, located near the campus.
5. Aparajeyo Bangla: A sculpture symbolizing the spirit of the Liberation War.

The university also provides residential facilities for students through its halls of residence. There are separate halls for male and female students, including Jagannath Hall, Salimullah Muslim Hall, Rokeya Hall, and Shahidullah Hall. These halls are not just dormitories but also centers of cultural and political activities.

Cultural and Political Significance

Dhaka University is not just an academic institution; it is a cultural and political powerhouse. The university has been a breeding ground for intellectuals, artists, and political leaders who have shaped the destiny of Bangladesh. Its students and faculty have been at the forefront of every major movement in the country’s history, from the Language Movement to the Liberation War.

The university is also known for its vibrant cultural scene. Annual events like Pohela Boishakh (Bengali New Year), Ekushey February (Language Movement Day), and Durga Puja are celebrated with great enthusiasm on campus. The university’s Charukala (Fine Arts) Institute and Department of Theatre and Performance Studies contribute significantly to the cultural landscape of Bangladesh.

Notable Alumni

Dhaka University has produced some of the most distinguished personalities in Bangladesh and beyond. Its alumni include:

1. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: The founding father of Bangladesh and its first president.
2. Muhammad Yunus: Nobel Peace Prize laureate and founder of Grameen Bank.
3. Taslima Nasrin: Renowned author and feminist.
4. Humayun Ahmed: Celebrated novelist, playwright, and filmmaker.
5. Kamal Hossain: Prominent lawyer and politician.
6. Abdul Hamid: Former President of Bangladesh.
7. Fazle Hasan Abed: Founder of BRAC, the world’s largest NGO.

These individuals, among many others, have made significant contributions to their respective fields, bringing pride and recognition to Dhaka University.

Challenges and Future Prospects

Despite its illustrious history, Dhaka University faces several challenges in the 21st century. These include:

1. Overcrowding: The university admits a large number of students each year, leading to overcrowded classrooms and strained resources.
2. Political Interference: The campus has often been a battleground for political parties, leading to disruptions in academic activities.
3. Funding Constraints: Limited government funding has affected the university’s ability to maintain its infrastructure and expand its programs.
4. Global Competition: In an increasingly globalized world, Dhaka University must compete with international institutions to attract top talent and maintain its reputation.

To address these challenges, the university is focusing on modernizing its curriculum, improving research facilities, and fostering international collaborations. Initiatives like the Dhaka University Centennial Celebration (2021) have also been launched to commemorate its 100-year legacy and chart a course for the future.

Conclusion

Dhaka University is more than just an educational institution; it is a symbol of national pride and intellectual pursuit. For over a century, it has been a beacon of knowledge, culture, and political activism, shaping the destiny of Bangladesh. As the university moves into its second century, it faces new challenges but also new opportunities to reaffirm its position as a leading institution of higher learning in South Asia and beyond. With its rich history, diverse academic programs, and commitment to excellence, Dhaka University continues to inspire generations of students and scholars, contributing to the progress and development of Bangladesh and the world.